Female Pelvic Medicine and Reconstructive Surgery

Botulinum Toxin

Botulinum toxin, one of the most poisonous biological substances known, is a neurotoxin produced by the bacterium Clostridium botulinum C. botulinum generates eight antigenically distinct exotoxins. All serotypes disrupt neural transmission by preventing the release of acetylcholine, the primary neurotransmitter at the neuromuscular junction, resulting in muscle paralysis The weakness caused by botulinum toxin A injection usually lasts about three months. Botulinum toxins are now used to treat a wide range of medical conditions, including strabismus and focal dystonias, hemifacial spasm and various spastic movement disorders, headaches hypersalivation hyperhidrosis, and some chronic conditions that respond only partially to medical treatment. The list of possible new indications is rapidly growing. Correction of lines, creases, and wrinkling are examples of cosmetologically applications